What You Actually Need
A 6-foot flat leash (nylon or leather). A well-fitted flat collar OR a front-clip harness if your dog pulls. High-value training treats (real meat, freeze-dried liver, or commercial training treats — small pieces). A treat pouch that attaches to your belt. Optional but highly recommended: a clicker. Optional for distance work: a 20–30 foot long line. Total cost: under $50 for everything.
What to Avoid
Retractable leashes — they teach pulling. Shock collars and prong collars — they cause more behavioral problems than they solve in most dogs. "Anti-bark" devices — they don't address the cause of barking. Most expensive specialty gear (electronic training collars, "dominance" tools) — they're not necessary for effective training. Basic equipment used consistently outperforms expensive equipment used inconsistently.
Breed-Specific Equipment Considerations
Strong/large breeds (Pitbulls, Mastiffs, Rottweilers): front-clip harness for early leash training. Brachycephalic breeds (Bulldogs, Pugs, French Bulldogs): harness rather than collar to avoid trachea pressure. Toy breeds (Yorkies, Maltese, Chihuahuas): properly sized harnesses (most regular dog harnesses are too large). Long-haired breeds (Goldens, Shih Tzus): step-in harnesses are easier to put on without coat tangling.